- 3' RACE PCR - This technique is used to obtain the 3'end of a cDNA. Protocol by R Hastings, Biochemistry, University of Nottingham Medical School, UK.
- A Critical Evaluation of Differential Display as a Tool to Identify Genes Involved in Legume Nodulation - Article: S Lievens, S Goormachtig, M Holsters: Nuc Acids Res. 2001: 29(17) 3459-3468.
- A Rapid DNA Minipreparation Method Suitable for AFLP and Other PCR Applications (PDF document) - Preparation of DNA from plant tissues suitable for PCR methods including AFLP, article by DH CHEN and PC RONALD Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis.
- Adjuvants in PCR Reactions - Brief discussion of additives to improve amplification efficiency and specificity of PCR, by Octavian Henegariu, Yale-New Haven Medical Center.
- AFLP Genotyping and Fingerprinting (PDF document) - Survey article by UG Mueller and L. LaReesa Wolfenbarger: amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) are polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers for the rapid screening of genetic diversity. From the University of Glasgow, UK.
- AFLP Protocol - Detailed protocol by S Hazen, Wheat Breeding and Genetics, Michigan State University, USA.
- AFLP's - A description of the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism technique of DNA fingerprinting. By U Melcher, Oklahoma State University, USA.
- AFLP: not only for Fingerprinting, but for Positional Cloning - Introduction and detailed protocol by M Liscum and P Oeller, Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution Stanford University, USA.
- AFLP: Principles and Applications - A basic description of AFLP, a DNA fingerprinting technique which detects DNA restriction fragments by PCR amplification. From the company Keygene.
- Alu-PCR Hybridization - A report and protocol, from Fondation Jean Dausset.
- Amberg Lab Protocols - Applications of PCR in yeast research, including colony PCR used at Upstate Medical University, NY, USA.
- Amplification and Detection in a Cellular Context - University of Minnesota Computational Biology Centers USA with several projects for nucleic acid sequencing of diverse organisms by PCR techniques, supported by heavy use of computers.
- Amplification of Genomic DNA using Alu PCR - Protocol from the web site of the laboratory of Thomas Ried at the NIH, USA.
- An Introduction to AFLP and fAFLP - A basic description of Amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) and its fluorescent version (fAFLP), from the web site of the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
- Anchor Probes for Comparative Mapping of Grass Species - Article in which probes from different libraries were used to hybridize seven cerials at the Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University, NY.
- Applications of Differential-Display Reverse Transcription-PCR to Molecular Pathogenesis and Medical Mycology - Survey article: J Sturtevant: Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2000: 13(3) 408-427.
- Bacterial Colony PCR - Protocols used at the College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul.
- BioGuide - PCR - Basics of hot start, touchdown, AP and RAPD, primer selection, design programs and references, from the Weizman Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- C. elegans Gene Knockout Project - Protocols including standard nested PCR, from the Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia.
- Chen's Protocol List - Guides, protocols and recipes for PCR cloning, also with useful links to other protocol collections, from Chen, Dept. Biochem. and Mol. Biol., University College, London.
- Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence - Illustration of principle. CAPS corresponds to RFLP. From Corvallis Forestry Research Community, Corvallis, USA.
- Colony PCR - Brief protocol from the web site of Florida State University.
- Colony PCR - Step by step protocol, from Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
- Colony PCR protocol - Detailed protocol from the web site of the Department of Biology, University of Michigan, USA.
- Conventional and Real-Time PCR for Detection of Group B Streptococci (PDF file) - Article by D Ke Ch Menard,FJ Picard,M Boissinot, M Ouellette, PH Roy,MG Bergeron, Clin Chem 46:3(2000) 324331.
- Degenerate PCR - The identification of novel members of gene families by PCR using degenerate primers is described and protocols given. Article by Michael Koelle 1996 on the web site of Dartmouth College.
- Degenerate PCR - An introduction with principle, applications and description of the technique. From the web site of Kebangsaan University, Malaysia.
- Design Oligonunucleotide Primers - Interface for scanning DNA sequences for restriction sites, without changing encoded protein created. Includes FAQ, table of enzymes and links to tools, maintained at the University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Detection of Asymmetric PCR Products in Homogeneous Solution by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy - In asymmetric PCR, the low concentration primer is quantitatively incorporated into double stranded DNA after an appropriate number of cycles. If this primer is fluorescent labelled, the dsDNA can be quantitated from the fluorescence.
- Detection of Point Mutations by RFLP of PCR Amplified DNA Sequences - RFLP = Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. By Alexander Binder 1997.
- Detection of Single Nucleotide Mutations in Wheat Using Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism Gels (PDF file) - P Martins-Lopez, H Zhang, R Koebner, Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter 19(2001): 159162. From National Research Coouncil Canada.
- Differential Display of Cotton Transcripts - Detailed protocol, based on P Song, E Yamamoto, R Allen: Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 13(1995):174-181. From the web site of the GrainGenes ACEDB Database.
- Differential Display PCR - Used to study differences in gene expression using RT PCR. From: U.S. National Coordination Program for Swine Gene Mapping.
- DNA and PCR Methods Forum - Forum for questions on DNA manipulation (isolation, purification, sequencing, etc) and various PCR methodologies
- DNALC: PCR Animation - An animation explaining how the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) works, from the Dolan DNA learning center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Effect of PCR Buffer on multiplex PCR (PDF) - Multiplex PCR employs different primer pairs in the same amplification reaction. This requires extensive optimization of annealing conditions. From Quiagen (company)
- Effect of Primer Purity on the Banding Patterns of Differential Display Polymerase Chain Reaction - Article: L Wen: J Biomol Tech 2000;11:87-91.
- Electronic PCR - A program that checks sequence(s) submitted by the visitor against known sequences. Program set up and run by the US National Institute of Health.
- Enterococcus Colony PCR - Step by step colony PCR protocol from the Enterococcus Research Site, University of Oklahoma web, USA.
- Fidelity of DNA Polymerases for PCR - Article by PN Hengen from TIBS 1995
- FISH Guide and Troubleshooting - Links to pages describing influential parameters, with guides on PCR, RT-PCR and multiplex PCR reactions, Taq, FISH, CM-FISH, TM-FISH, microarrays, CCK, slide prep and labeling, maintained by Octavian Henegariu from Yale University, New Haven, CT.
- Forsburg Lab pombe Pages - Protocols including colony PCR for discrimination between homologous and nonhomologous integration of markers in S. pombe, from Salk Institute, San Diego, CA.
- Gene Quantification and real-time PCR or kinetic RT-PCR - News- and overview site on technical aspects of gene expression analysis with real-time RT-PCR and competitive RT-PCR from the Technical University of Munich, Germany
- General Notes on Primer Design in PCR - Article on the influence of the design of the primer on the outcome of PCR, by Dr Vincent R. Prezioso, published on the domain of Brinkmann Instruments.
- GenHunter - Manufacturer of material for differential display PCR in Nashville, Tenn USA.
- HiFi DNA - HiFi DNA is a company selling a DNA polymerase for PCR at low temperature giving accurate replication of certain sequences where Taq fails.
- History of PCR - Short outline, from the University of Sheffield web site.
- Hot Start PCR - Description of the technique and the reasons to use it, from the web site of Bio Can, a company manufacturing materials for PCR.
- Improved diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis using polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked oligosorbent assay - P Zhang, CJ Gebhart, D Burden, GE Duhamel: Molecular and Cellular Probes, 14(2) 101-108, on the site of BT&C, Inc.
- Improvements in Fluorescent In Situ RT-PCR for Medical and Research Use - Brief overview, by R Bacallao, from the web site of Advanced Research and Technology Institute, Indiana University.
- Improvements in quantitative real-time RT-PCR with QIAGEN Omniscript and Sensiscript RTs (PDF file) - Evalutaion of two sets of reagents for Real Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR to determine gene expression. By S Ullmann and co-workers, at the manufacturer of the reagents.
- In silico PCR - Tools to derive the theoretical results from many PCR techniques and techniques related to PCR, from the Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of the Basque Country, Spain.
- In Situ PCR on Plant Material - Protocol for in situ PCR and RT-PCR, from the web site of the Botanical Institute of University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
- In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction: Past, Present, Future - Survey article by P Komminoth from the web site of Roche Diagnostics.
- Innovative Tools for Amplification - Illustrates the principles, including reverse transcription, amplified cDNA synthesis and detection, tips on carry-over-prevention like taq, in order to promote the products of Roche Diagnostics Corp.
- Inverse PCR and Cycle Sequencing of P Element Insertions for STS Generation - Step by step protocol, by EJ Rehm, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, USA.
- Inverse PCR for PAC-end sequencing - To generate PCR fragments that contain the ends of PAC inserts that can be sequenced. Protocol by B Barbazuk, Washington University Zebrafish Genome Resources Project, USA.
- Inverse PCR For use with Snyder mTn-lacZ/LEU2 Based Mutagenesis - Protocol by M McMurray, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wa. USA.
- Inverse PCR protocol - step by step protocol, from the web site of the Department of Biology, University of Michigan, USA.
- Kary B. Mullis - Autobiography - The originator of PCR, from the Nobel e-museum web site.
- Kary Mullis - Inventor Profile of Kary Mullis, the originator of PCR, from the National Inventors Hall of Fame web site.
- Life at High Temperatures - Article by TD Brock from the web site of Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison on the thermophilic organisms in Yellowstone hot springs, including Thermus aquaticus from which Taq polymerase was obtained.
- Long PCR Protocol - Protocol and guidelines for choice of conditions for PCR of long sequences (10 kb or larger). From Genetics Dept., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Staging, Inc. - Company promoting diagnostic tests for genetic analysis; rolling circle amplification technology (RCAT), developed for amplifying signals from DNA, RNA and proteins, from Westport, CT.
- Mouse DNA Protocols - Molecular biological protocols useful for transgenic and targeted mice from the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME.
- Multiplex PCR - Brief description and references to example applications. From Quiagen (company).
- Multiplex PCR - A new PCR strategy that enables the amplification of multiple DNA targets in one run. From Boston University.
- Multiplex PCR (PDF) - Frequently asked questions about MPCR, from Biosource (company).
- Mutation Detection Systems - SSCP Analysis - Discussion of the technique and variations, literature references. By S McQuaid, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
- Mycoplasma Detection by the Mycoplasma PCR ELISA (PDF file) - Article by M Wirth, M Grashoff, L Schumacher, H Hauser, GBF-Gesellchaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Braunschweig, Germany, on the Roche site.
- Mycoplasma PCR ELISA - Principle and protocol, from Boehringer Mannheim
- Nematode ITS1 Size Variation - Examples of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)electrophoresis slabs for different nematodes.
- Nested RT-PCR for Hepatitis C from Paraffin Sections - Protocol, from the University of Michigan.
- Optimizing DNA Amplification Protocols using the Eppendorf Mastercycler - Basic discussion of the optimization of PCR, from the web site of Brinkmann Instruments.
- Optimizing Multiplex and LA-PCR with Betaine - LA-PCR = "long and accurate PCR". Article by PN Hengen in TIBS June 1997.
- PCR - Page summarizing the polymerase chain reaction, and links from University College, London, UK.
- PCR Amplification of cDNA Segments by 2 Stage Nested PCR - Protocol from the method database of NIH, USA.
- PCR and multiplex PCR guide - Discussions of the parameters influencing the PCR reaction and some PCR and multiplex PCR applications, by Octavian Henegariu on the web site of the Yale - New Haven Medical center.
- PCR animated - Animation illustrating the principle of PCR.
- PCR Animation - Explaining how Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) works. From Dolan DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA.
- PCR Box Titration Calculator - JavaScript program calculates the amounts of ingredients needed to do two-dimensional box titrations of various reactants in polmerase chain reactions.
- PCR method protocols - Protocols for PCR posted by the Helen Donis-Keller Laboratory.
- PCR primer design and reaction optimisation - Article by Ed Rybicki, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town in: Molecular Biology Techniques Manual, on the web site of the University of Cape Town.
- PCR primer selection - Program designed for selection of PCR primers to amplify precise regions from relatively low complexity genomes.
- PCR Project - Presentations from the University of California at Berkley on PCR, both current research reports and reviews.
- PCR Protocol - Detailed PCR protocol from the web site of the Department of Biology, University of Michigan, USA.
- PCR Protocols - Protocols and technical hints, particularly for reverse transcription PCR, somewhat outdated, compiled by Dr Jack Vanden Heuvel, Department of Veterinary Science and Molecular Toxicology Program, Penn State University
- PCR protocols - Brief protocols for PCR in use at the Genome Sequencing Center of the Washington University in St Louis Medical School.
- PCR Technology - An introduction by Connie Veilleux from the US National Health Museum website.
- PCR Troubleshooting - Limited to conventional straight forward PCR. Page designed and maintained by Octavian Henegariu on the web site of the Yale - New Haven Medical Center.
- PCR tutorial for absolute beginners - Overview of the procedure and suggestions for protocol. Links to related sites and books. From the site of MolBiolNet.
- PCR Website - Collection of history and presentations, such as Kinetic PCR analysis by Russ Higuchi of Roche Molecular Systems, maintained by Paul Rabinow at UC, Berkeley, CA.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction - Popular survey article by Mark V. Bloom, DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, from the web site of the US National Health Museum.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - A graphic description of the principle of PCR from the US National Health Museum web site.
- Primer nomenclature - List of designation of primers for AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), from the supplier and trade mark holder Keygene.
- Principle of PCR - Applications in work on aging of Caenorhabditis elegans and phylogeny of nematodes, by Andy Vierstraete, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, Belgium.
- Programs for designing PCR primers - List of links, from the Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
- Protocol for AFLP (PDF document) - Detailed protocol for AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism fingerprinting of DNA), by WA Gebreyes, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University.
- Protocol for T-RFLP by Capillary Electrophoresis - Detailed protocol for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), which allows the fingerprinting of a community by analyzing the polymorphism of a certain gene. Article by V Grüntzig, B Stres, HL Ayala del Río and JM Tiedje, Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, USA
- RACE amplification - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends. Protocol, from National Institute of Genetics, Japan.
- Random Arbitrarily Primed PCR - Protocol for RAP-PCR to study prokaryotic gene expression, from the Enterococcus Research Site, University of Oklahoma, USA.
- RAPD analysis with P. infestans - Protocol for Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA, by H Judelson, University of California, Riverside, USA.
- RAPD PCR - RAPD stands for Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA, where the target sequence(s) (to be amplified) is unknown.Brief description, from Rutgers University, USA.
- RAPD Reaction and Cycling Conditions - Protocol for Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA, from University of California at Davis.
- RAPD's - Brief description of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, from Oklahoma State University, USA.
- Rapid Amplification of mRNA Ends By PCR (RACE) - Protocol by Peter Mc Callum Cancer Research Institute, Australia.
- Rational primer design greatly improves differential display-PCR (DD-PCR) - Article: D Graf, AG Fisher, M Merkenschlager: Nucl. Acids Res. 25:11 2239-2240.
- Real Time PCR Primer and Probe Database - Database with real-time PCR primers and probes from Ghent University, Belgium.
- Real-Time PCR - Overview by MT Dorak, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Real-Time PCR - Brief tutorial from Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
- Real-time PCR - Brief tutorial from a reagent manufaturer, Eurogentec.
- Real-time PCR Assays for Detection of Pathogenic Virus in Penaeid Shrimp (PDF file) - Quantitation by determining the kinetics of DNA formation, by K Tang-Nelson, DV Lightner, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
- Real-time PCR Goes Prime Time - Tutorial from Ambion, a manufacturer of reagents.
- Real-Time PCR Taqman - Overview, from University of California at San Francisco Biomolecular Resource Center, offering this as a service.
- Rep-PCR Genomic Fingerprinting - Bacteria are characterized by Rep-PCR fingerprinting using primers corresponding to naturally occurring repetitive sequences in the interspersed regions.
- Reverse transcriptase-PCR - Protocol by Ignacio Rodriguez at the National Eye Institue, NIH, USA.
- RFLP Definition - RFLP = Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, from FDA
- Roe Laboratory Protocols - Molecular biological protocols, mostly PCR related used by Bruce A. Roe at the Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, OU, Norman, OK.
- RT-PCR Methodology - Animation to illustrate the way reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) produces DNA copies of an RNA template, from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Learning Center, New York.
- RTPrimerDB: the real-time PCR primer and probe database - Public database of PCR primers and probes for real time techniques (Intercalating Dyes, Hydrolysis Probes, Hybridisation Probes, Molecular Beacons), from University of Ghent.
- Single tube confirmation PCR protocol - For characterization colonies of transformed clones of Saccharaomyces, from the web site of the Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Standard PCR protocols - From Molecular Biology Techniques Manual, from the web site of the University of Cape Town, South Africa.
- T-DNA Generated Enhancer Traps in Arabidopsis - Application of inverse PCR, partial genomic libraries and TAIL-PCR in cloning flanking, at the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH.
- Tavi's PCR protocols - A page describing the main parameters and trouble-shooting in PCR. The page is somewhat dated (updated 1997) but still useful.
- Technical manual of PCR - Intended for specialists planning PCR procedures in their laboratories. From the University of Cape Town updated 2001.
- Telomerase PCR ELISA - Principle and protocol, from Boehringer Mannheim.
- Ten things that can kill your PCR - About the proper choice of reaction conditions in PCR. Article by Peter Frame published on the Biowire web site.
- The "Poison Primer" Technique for Enhancing Detection of Small Deletions in Mutant Libraries - This method works because the poison allows the formation of deletion products but titers out full-sized products. From the Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia.
- The Polymerase Chain Reaction - A popular description of the way it works, its importance in different connections, legal aspects. Authored by TM Powledge at the Federation of the American Societies of Experimental Biology.
- The Usefulness of Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Immunogenetics (PDF file) - Quantitative determination by studying the kinetics of DNA formation, by M Provenzano, CR Rossi, S Mocellin, NIH, USA.
- The web guide of PCR - List of links and forum on the subject and related methodology. Set up and maintained by SJ Krivokapich, National University of Misiones, Argentina.
- Thermostable DNA Polymerases - Discussion of their origin and briefly their properties. From the web site of Colorado State University.
- Wayward PCR primers - Article by PN Hengen from TIBS 1995 on the loss of activity of PCR primers with time.
- What is "Hot-start" PCR? - Principle and description of the technique, from the web site of the Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
- What the Heck is PCR? - Popular description of the PCR technique by John C Brown, University of Kansas 1995.
- Which DNA Marker for Which Purpose? - Compendia of the Research Project "Development, optimisation and validation of molecular tools for assessment of biodiversity in forest trees", European Union DGXII Biotechnology FW IV Research Programme. From the web site of the University Library, Göttingen.
- Yeast colony PCR - Brief protocol from the web site of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA.
- Search our Wiki for Methods Techniques PCR - Find more information about this subject by clicking here
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